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Resources for Treaties and International Agreements

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Note: Off-campus access to some online sources is restricted to current UCF students, faculty, and staff via the Proxy server.

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identifies resources for Countries & Regions, International Trade - Importing & Exporting, Living & Working Abroad - Doing Business in Various Countries
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identifies resources about Countries & Governments, Embassies & Consulates, Historical Resources, Immigration, International Organizations, Latin America, Legal Resources, Multicultural Resources, and Statistics & Demographics
provides links to some encyclopedias, dictionaries, and other reference resources for which the UCF Libraries provide online access, e.g.: Historical Encyclopedia of U.S. Presidential Use of Force 1789-2000, International Conflict - a Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts & Their Management 1945-1995, and Encyclopedia of Modern Ethnic Conflicts. Links for individual countries are provided to titles from the Library of Congress Country Studies and the ABC-CLIO World Bibliographical Series.

Abbreviations Used for Treaty Sources

  • AILC
  • American International Law Cases
  • Bevans
  • Treaties & Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776-1949
  • CTS
  • Consolidated Treaty Series
  • EAS
  • Executive Agreement Series
  • ETS
  • European Treaty Series
  • F.R.
  • Federal Register
  • ILM
  • International Legal Materials
  • LNTS
  • League of Nations Treaty Series
  • LTS
  • League of Nations Treaty Series
  • Malloy
  • Treaties, Conventions, International Acts, Protocols & Agreements Between the United States of America & Other Powers
  • Miller
    Treaties & Other International Acts of the United States of America
  • NP
  • Not Printed in Treaties & Other International Acts Series
  • Stat
  • U.S. Statutes at Large
  • TIAS
  • Treaties & Other International Acts Series
  • TIF
  • Treaties in Force
  • TS
  • Treaty Series
  • UNTS
  • United Nations Treaty Series
  • USBS
  • Treaties & Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776-1949
  • USDP
  • U.S. Dept. of State Publications
  • USIA
  • Treaties & Other International Acts Series
  • UST
  • U.S. Treaties & Other International Agreements

Treaties with the United States as a Party

See also Other Treaties and Treaties by Subject

Currently Active Treaties

Treaties in Force (TIF)
Online version (current edition)
U.S. Documents S 9.14: (1992+)
U.S. Documents Microfiche S 9.14: (1991, 2001)
The subtitle is "A List of Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States in Force on January 1 ... " and the document is usually received at UCF as much as a year later, so the publication runs 12 to 24 months behind treaty actions.
NOTE: This list will identify current information about the treaty and where to locate it, but the full text is not included in Treaties in Force. See also the list of abbreviations to locate specific sources.
Update treaty actions on the State Department website.
Current Treaties & Agreements (U.S. Dept. of State)

Official Versions of Treaties

1950+
    United States Treaties & Other International Agreements (UST)
    Online unofficial version
    U.S. Documents S 9.12: (1950-1984)
    Ultrafiche AC 1 .P25 no. 739-762 (v.1, 1950-v.18.3, 1967)
    This bound set is updated by pamphlets in the Treaties & Other International Agreements Series. The UCF Library is missing some print volumes of this set, but all missing information can be found in the ultrafiche copy. The online versions in LexisNexis Academic cite UST as one of the sources for the text.
    NOTE: The print version occasionally includes maps or drawings not available online, e.g., "Convention for the solution of the problem of the Chamizal" - 15 UST 21 includes maps, versus the text-only online version of 505 UNTS 185.
    Treaties & Other International Agreements Series (TIAS or USIA)
    Online unofficial version
    U.S. Documents S 9.10: (1985-1997)
    This pamphlet series updates the bound set of United States Treaties & Other International Agreements. The online versions in LexisNexis Academic cite TIAS as one of the sources for the text.
1789-1949
    United States Statutes at Large (Stat)
    Online version (1789+)
    U.S. Documents GS 4.111: (1907-1949)
    U.S. Documents Microfiche AE 2.111: (1789+)
    See also print volumes of Bevans for similar coverage. In 1950 UST became the official version of U.S. treaties.

Senate Treaty Information

Top-pick Treaty Status (Thomas, Library of Congress)
Complete coverage begins with the 94th Congress (1975). Older treaties from 90th - 93rd Congresses (1967-1974) are included if they were pending in 1975 when the database was created. Searchable by Congress, Treaty Number, Word/Phrase, Type of Treaty, and Date Transmitted to Senate.

Types of treaties include:

  • Arms Control
  • Aviation
  • Commercial
  • Consular
  • Dispute Settlement & Arbitration
  • Drugs/Illegal Substances
  • Energy
  • Environment
  • Extradition & Criminal Assistance
  • Fisheries & Wildlife
  • Human Rights
  • International Law
  • International Law & Organization
  • Investment
  • Intellectual Property/Copyrights
  • Labor
  • Maritime Boundaries & Claims
  • Outer Space
  • Shipping & Marine Pollution
  • Taxation
  • Telecommunications
  • Terrorism
  • Trademarks/Patents
  • United Nations

Also provides links to lists of treaties submitted to the Senate, 104th-108th Congresses (1995-2004), including pdf versions containing the texts of treaties.
Top-pick Senate Treaty Documents
Online version (1995+)
U.S. Documents Microfiche Y 1.1/4: (1982-current)
CIS Microfiche S 385- (1970+)
Senate Treaty Documents (called Senate Executive Documents until the 97th Congress, 1981) contain the text of treaties proposed by the President for ratification by the Senate.
Top-pick Senate Executive Reports
Online version (1995+)
U.S. Documents Microfiche Y 1.1/6: (1987-current)
CIS Microfiche S 384- (1970+)
Senate Executive Reports contain the analyses and recommendations of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
  • Treaties Received - "identifies treaties received from the President during the current Congress as well as the committee referral actions taken."
  • Treaties Approved - "identifies treaties that were approved by the Senate during the current Congress."
  • Treaties Actions - "identifies treaties that have had Senate floor status actions (other than simply actions pertaining to treaties received and referred) during the current Congress."
  • Treaties Reported - "identifies treaties reported out by the Foreign Relations committee, placed on the Executive Calendar with a sequentially assigned calendar number, and that are ready for Senate floor consideration."
  • Chapter 1: Treaties
  • Chapter 2: Precedents, Negotiators, Bipartisanship
  • Chapter 3: Senate Options
  • Chapter 4: Executive Agreements, Treaty Termination, Status as Law
  • Chapter 5: Rejected Treaties

The Senate's Role in the Treaty Process
  • Status of Senate Action on Treaties in the Current Congress
  • Senate Consideration of Treaties
  • Treaties & Other International Agreements: The Role of the Senate

Historic Treaty Debates
  • Uproar Over Senate Treaty Approval, June 24, 1795
  • Woodrow Wilson Addresses the Senate, July 10, 1919
  • A Bitter Rejection, November 19, 1919

Other U.S. Treaty Sources

American International Law Cases (AILC)
Ref JX 238 .A2 .D4 through JX 238 .A2 .D42 (1783+)
discusses published federal and state decisions involving questions of public international law. See also other digests of international law.
Top-pick Bevans, Charles.
Treaties & Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776-1949 (Bevans or USBS)
Online version
U.S. Documents S 9.12/2:
provides paper copies of treaties that are also available at UCF in the official version, U.S. Statutes at Large. The online versions in LexisNexis Academic cite Bevans as one of the sources for the text.
Federal Register (F.R.)
Online version (1980+)
Online version (1994+)
U.S. Documents Microfiche AE 2.106: (1936+)
Foreign Relations of the United States (Foreign Relations)
cited in Treaties in Force; see holdings information on the International Documents page.
LexisNexis Academic
See descriptions and links to specific files below.
Malloy, William.
Treaties, Conventions, International Acts, Protocols and Agreements Between the United States of America and Other Powers. Compiled by Malloy, Redmond and Trenwith. (Malloy)
Not Printed (NP)
Not Printed in Treaties & Other International Acts Series (TIAS)
cited in Treaties in Force. Ask for assistance at the UCF Libraries' Reference Desk in locating these documents.

The following sources cited in Treaties in Force are not available at UCF. Ask for assistance at the UCF Libraries' Reference Desk in locating these documents. See similar treaty coverage in Bevans.

    Executive Agreement Series (EAS)
    years covered 1929-1945 -- issued singly in pamphlets by the Department of State until replaced in 1945 by the TIAS. UCF does not own this title.
    Miller, Hunter.
    Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America (Miller)
    • v. 1 - Plan of the edition, lists, & tables
    • v. 2 - Documents 1-40: 1776-1818
    • v. 3 - Documents 41-79: 1819-1835
    • v. 4 - Documents 80-121: 1836-1846
    • v. 5 - Documents 122-150: 1846-1852; Document 151: 1799
    • v. 6 - Documents 152-172: 1852-1855
    • v. 7 - Documents 173-200: 1855-1858
    • v. 8 - Documents 201-240: 1858-1863

    Nearest location: Barry University School of Law, Orlando
    Treaty Series (TS)
    years covered 1800's-1945 -- issued singly in pamphlets by the Department of State until replaced in 1945 by the TIAS. UCF does not own this title.

Other Treaties & Agreements

Key Resources

UCF has a campus-wide subscription to the United Nations Treaty Collection, which provides:
  • United Nations Treaty Series (14 December 1946+)
  • League of Nations Treaty Series (5 July 1920-3 October 1944)
  • Text of Recently Deposited Multilateral Treaties
  • Status of Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General
  • Certified True Copies (CTCs) of Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General
  • Depositary Notifications (CNs) by the Secretary-General
  • Treaty Handbook (in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish)
Top-pick World Treaty Index (1900-1980)
Ref JX 171 .R63
To locate the text of treaties at UCF, your best choices of sources from this index are:
also identifies 120 national sources for 22,000 treaties.

  • Volume 1: Treaty Profiles - "consists mainly of statistical tables that give the user an overview of the universe of treaties. Treaty patterns are shown in global, regional and national perspectives as well as by topics and trends over time."
  • Volumes 2 & 3: Main Entry Section - "show for each treaty all the information the INDEX has on that treaty":
    • Signature Date & Citation
    • Name & Title
    • Date on which the treaty entered into force
    • Language
    • Registration date with the League of Nations or the United Nations
    • Registering party or parties
    • International organizations mentioned in the text of the treaty
    • Footnote references to earlier treaties
    • Topic -- main theme of the treaty
    • Parties
    • Annex -- post-signature treaty history
  • Volume 4: Party Index - "lists all treaty-making entities in alphabetical order, and for each entity all its bilateral treaty partners in alphabetical order, and within each partner all mutual treaties in chronological order. The multilateral treaties of each entity follow at the end of the bilateral partners, in the same format as if each were a bilateral treaty between State A and an entity called 'Multilateral.' Each treaty shows a limited set of basic information, i.e., bilateral parties, date of signature, topic, and citation. For further information the user can go (via date) to the Main Entry Section or (via citation) to the treaty itself."
  • Volume 5: Keyword Index

LexisNexis Academic

This database provides the full text of treaties and international agreements from various sources including:

1991-1998, 2003+
"includes selected documents concerning the regulation of international trade, finance and foreign investment; the protection of intellectual property rights; regional economic organizations; instruments governing private commercial transactions, international litigation and arbitration; transportation; and taxation." See also European Community (EC) Treaties in BDIEL
1951+
"covers treaties establishing the European Communities, treaties amending or supplementing the founding treaties and the accession treaties of new member states.  Also included are agreements and other legal acts resulting from external relations maintained by the European Communities and by member states."
1962+
"include the full texts of important treaties and agreements, judicial and arbitral decisions, national legislation, international organizations resolutions and other documents."
See also Treaties & Agreements from ILM (1975+)
1787-1883
"contains the full-text of all treaties, ratified and unratified."
1828+
"the most complete collection of international tax treaties available. Besides the more than 4,400 tax treaties, amending protocols, and similar documents, Worldwide Tax Treaties features legislative history of U.S. tax treaties, administrative documents, and treaty news and analysis from Tax Analysts' Tax Notes International magazine." See also individual Tax Analysts files:
1776+
"full-text ratified and unratified treaties and international agreements, where the United States is a party or signatory. This includes not only treaties signed by the President with the advice and consent of the US Senate, but also international agreements from the U.S. Government.  Documents are obtained directly from the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Senate, as well as authoritative U.S. government publications, including:
  • Treaty Documents: Treaties transmitted to the Senate for consideration, usually including transmittal messages from the President and the Secretary of State.
  • Slip Documents: Treaties and international agreements released by the US Department of State, but not yet printed in TIAS.
  • Treaties and Other International Acts Series (T.I.A.S) from 1985
  • US Treaties and Other International Agreements (U.S.T.) 1949-1984
  • Bevan's Treaties and Other International Agreements 1776-1949
current
"contains International Agreements from the United States Code Service. The Agreements selected for inclusion in the United States Code Service generally relate to intellectual property matters or civil litigation procedural matters. The United States is a party to all agreements included in this file." Browse using the Sources tab to view individual conventions.

Resources for Specific Countries

China and Republic of China (1894-1954)
    Treaties and Agreements With and Concerning China, 1894-1919
    a collection of state papers, private agreements, and other documents, in reference to the rights and obligations of the Chinese Government in relation to foreign powers, and in reference to the interrelation of those powers in respect to China, during the period from the Sino-Japanese War to the conclusion of the World War of 1914-1919. Compiled and edited by John V. A. MacMurray
    General Collection JX 926.1921 .M3 1973
    Treaties and Agreements With and Concerning China, 1919-1929
    A continuation of Treaties and agreements with and concerning China, 1894-1919, by J. V. A. MacMurray
    General Collection JX 926.1977 .C37 1977
    Treaties and Agreements Between the Republic of China and Other Powers, 1929-1954
    together with certain international documents affecting the interests of the Republic of China, compiled and edited by Yin Ching Chen
    General Collection JX 926.1957 .C5 1980
Great Britain (1648-1784)
    A Collection of All the Treaties of Peace, Alliance, and Commerce Between Great Britain and Other Powers
    by Charles Jenkinson, First Earl of Liverpool
    General Collection JX 636.1785b
    • v. 1 - 1648-1713
    • v. 2 - 1713-1748
    • v. 3 - 1750-1784
Soviet Union (1917-1980)
    A Calendar of Soviet Treaties
    Ref JX 756.1917 .S55
    1917-1957
    Ref JX 757.5 .G56 1981
    1958-1973
    Ref KJC 510 .A15 .L39 1987
    1974-1980

Other Resources

Avalon Project (Yale Law School)
years covered 753 B.C.+ -- provides digital documents relevant to the fields of Law, History, Economics, Politics, Diplomacy and Government.
Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files... Foreign Affairs.
years covered 1930-1963 -- Although most of the materials in these microfilm sets for Argentina, Cuba, France, Israel, Mexico, Palestine, Panama, & Spain deal with relations between the United States & each country, a few non-U.S. bilateral treaties are also available.
includes the text for many treaties from the European Treaty Series (ETS)
Encyclopedia of Historical Treaties and Alliances (3100 B.C.-1997)
by Charles L. Phillips & Alan Axelrod
Ref KZ 1160 .P48 2001
provides text and discussion for over 200 agreements, ranging from an Inscription Fixing Boundaries between Lagash and Umma in 3100 B.C. to the 1997 Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production, and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction (Land Mine Ban Treaty).
European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies
General Collection E 173 .D24 1967
years covered 1455-1815
Key Resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly, 1946-1996
Ref KZ 5006.2 .K49 1997
From 7981 resolutions adopted during the first 50 years of the United Nations, the text of 419 key resolutions is provided in this single volume arranged in chronological order under a series of systematic headings:
  • Principles Governing International Relations
  • Maintenance & Restoration of Peace & Security
  • Development & Strengthening of International Law
  • Problems of Statehood
  • Economy & Development
  • Human Rights
  • Humanitarian Law
  • Questions Concerning Territory, Sea & Space
  • Social Issues
  • Environment
  • Functioning of the United Nations

Sources Not Available at the UCF Libraries

Consolidated Treaty Series (CTS)
years covered 1648-1919 -- UCF does not own this title.
Nearest locations: University of South Florida, Tampa; University of Florida, Gainesville
Department of State Publications (USDP)
USDP are cited in World Treaty Index; ask for assistance at the UCF Libraries' Reference Desk in locating these documents.
European Treaty Series (ETS)
years covered 1945+ -- UCF does not own this title, but many of the treaties are available at the Council of Europe Treaty Series website.
Nearest location: University of Florida, Gainesville
League of Nations Treaty Series (LNTS or LTS)
years covered 1920-1945 -- UCF does not own this title, but the UNTS subscription includes much of the content from LNTS.
Nearest location: FAMU Law Library, Orlando

Treaties by Subject

Environment

"a fast, convenient, comprehensive online service for accessing multilateral environmental treaty data. Find status data for environmental treaties, treaty text and other related information easily. Construct custom tables by selecting countries and treaties of interest to you."

Human Rights & Humanitarian

  • Treaties & other instruments organized by SUBJECT MATTER
  • Complete list of treaties & other instruments
  • Ratification of International Human Rights Treaties by Country
  • Search these documents by KEY WORD
  • "100 treaties and other texts (These include law protecting the victims of war and law governing the conduct of hostilities, from 1856 to the present...)
  • The Commentaries on the four Geneva Conventions and their two Additional Protocols of 1977
  • The current situation regarding signatures, ratifications, accessions and successions as well as the full texts of reservations, declarations and objections made by the States with respect to international humanitarian law treaties.
  • Tables showing the States party to selected treaties"

Indian Affairs / Native Americans

provides the text of the nine treaties not included in Kappler's volumes
Kappler's Indian Affairs: Laws & Treaties (1778-1971)
Online version
U.S. Documents Y 4.IN 2/2: L44
"an historically significant, seven volume compilation of U.S. treaties, laws and executive orders pertaining to Native American Indian tribes."
  • Vol.1 - Laws, compiled to December 1, 1902
  • Vol. 2 - Treaties, 1778-1883
  • Vol. 3 - Laws, compiled to December 1, 1913
  • Vol. 4 - Laws, compiled to March 4, 1927
  • Vol. 5 - Laws, compiled from December 22, 1927 to June 29, 1938
  • Vol. 6 - Laws, compiled from February 10, 1939 to January 13, 1971
  • Vol. 7 - Laws, compiled from February 10, 1939 to January 13, 1971

Tax Treaties

Other Subjects & Directories

International Treaties (University of Michigan)
provides links to various treaty sites, including subject listings for:
  • Boundaries
  • Disarmament
  • Energy
  • Environment
  • Human Rights
  • Maritime Law
  • Peace
  • Trade
Multilaterals Project (Fletcher School of Law & Diplomacy)
provides the texts of international multilateral conventions and other instruments.
Chronological Listing: 1648-2002
Multilateral Conventions Organized By Subject:
  • Atmosphere & Space
  • Flora & Fauna - Biodiversity
  • Cultural Protection
  • Diplomatic Relations
  • General
  • Human Rights
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Other Environmental
  • Trade & Commercial Relations
  • Rules of Warfare, Arms Control
Treaties & International Law (Internet Law Library)
provides links to various treaty sites.

Guides to Researching Treaties

The following resources discuss the process of researching treaties; they also identify useful print and Internet resources.

Treaty Research (University of Colorado)
Electronic Resource Guide - Treaties (American Society of International Law)
Treaty Research Pathfinders (University of Colorado Law)
provides links to other research guides.

Basically, you may improve the efficiency & effectiveness of your search if you determine the following information early in your research process:

  • Who?
    • Is the U.S. a party?
    • Is the treaty bilateral (two parties) or multilateral (more than two parties)?
    • Who are the parties?
  • What?
    • Do you know the title of the treaty or its popular name?
    • What is the subject of the treaty?
    • Do you need the full text of the treaty, or just information about it, such as an official citation or current status?
  • When?
    • Is the treaty very recent?
    • Is it currently in effect?
    • Do you know the date it was signed, ratified, amended, etc.?

Looking for something else? Ask for assistance at the UCF Libraries' Research Assistance Desk or contact Ask A Librarian.

Prepared by: Rich Gause, Government Documents Librarian
URL of this page: http://library.ucf.edu/govdocs/treaties.asp

Last update:06/03/09 02:57:32 PM